1. Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, USA;
2. Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA;
3. Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA;
4. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Hospital, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA;
5. Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA;
6. Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA