1. Department Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
2. 2Dimensional Materials for Biofilm Engineering Science and Technology (2DBEST) Center, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, Indiana 47803, United States
4. Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
5. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, U.K.
6. Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 770204, United States
7. Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California 94035, United States