1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2-Dimensional Materials for Biofilm Engineering Science and Technology (2DBEST) Center, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
3. Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
4. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
5. Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
6. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S3G8, Canada
7. Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California 94035, United States