1. Laboratoire
Navier (UMR 8205), CNRS, ENPC, IFSTTAR, Université Paris-Est, F-77455 Marne-la-Vallée, France
2. Laboratoire
de Mécanique des Solides, CNRS UMR 7649, École Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, Cedex, France
3. Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
4. Centre
Interdisciplinaire des Nanosciences de Marseille, CNRS (UPR 7251), Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
5. 2, UMI 3466, CNRS-MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
6. Université Paris-Est, IFSTTAR, Marne-la-Vallée, France