1. Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche Université, CNRS No. 7591, Université Paris Diderot, 15 rue Jean de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
2. This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev. 2008, 108 (7), 2145−2179, DOI: 10.1021/cr068065t; Published (Web) July 11, 2008. Updates to the text appear in red type.