Advanced High-Strength Steel and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Body in White for Passenger Cars: Environmental Performance and Sustainable Return on Investment under Different Propulsion Modes

Author:

Shanmugam Kavitha1,Gadhamshetty VenkataramanaORCID,Yadav Pooja2,Athanassiadis Dimitris2,Tysklind Mats1,Upadhyayula Venkata K.K.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Chemistry, Umea University, SE 90187, Umea, Sweden

2. Department of Forest Biomaterials, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 90183, Umea, Sweden

Funder

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems

Sveriges Regering

Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth

Publisher

American Chemical Society (ACS)

Subject

Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,General Chemical Engineering,Environmental Chemistry,General Chemistry

Reference73 articles.

1. ICCT EU CO2 emission standards for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles; International Council on Clean Transportation: Brussels, 2014; pp 1–9.

2. USEPA EPA and NHTSA set standards to reduce greenhouse gases and improve fuel economy for model years 2017–2025 cars and light trucks: EPA-420-F 12 051; US Environmental Protection Agency: Washington DC, USA, 2012; pp 1–10.

3. Puko, T.; Lazo, A. Trump administration aims to freeze fuel standards, end tougher california rules: Targets would increase through 2020, then hold that level. https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-administration-moves-to-ease-fuel-efficiency-rules-1533211200 (accessed Dec 14 2018).

4. Yang, Z.; Bandivadekar, A. Light duty vehicle greenhouse gas and fuel economy standards; International Council of Clean Transportation: Washington DC, USA, 2017; pp 1–36.

5. AutoAlliance Auto makers spend more than $100 billion globally each year on R&D, ranking the auto industry ahead of other technology driven industries. https://autoalliance.org/innovation/ (accessed Aug 6th 2019).

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