1. Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 139 Smith Hall, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
2. Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55811, United States
3. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
4. Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States