1. Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
3. School of Marine Science and Technology, Sino-Europe Membrane Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, P. R. China
4. Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China