1. Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Laboratory, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
2. Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
3. Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K.