1. Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-IE-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
2. School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
3. School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for Astrobiology and the UNSW RNA Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
4. Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, Washington 98154, United States
5. Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States