1. Faculty of Education and Human Sciences, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan, and Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan