1. Department of Physics, Montana State University, EPS 264, Bozeman, Montana 59715, Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institute of Washington, Washington, D.C. 20015, School of Pharmacy, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2 DT, United Kingdom, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, and NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058