1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, Quantum Processes and Metrology Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Atomic Physics Division, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8423, Department of Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, and Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, WPAFB, Dayton, Ohio 45433-7702