1. NPU Institute of Culture and Heritage, Key Laboratory of Archaeological Exploration and Cultural Heritage Conservation Technology (NPU), Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
2. Key Scientific Research Base of Conservation & Restoration for Mural as Collection and Materials Science in State Administration of Cultural Heritage, Xi’an 710061, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
4. Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China
5. School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
6. Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology, Xi’an 710054, China
7. Center for Wall Painting Protection, Shaanxi History Museum, Xi’an 710061, China
8. Gansu Provincial Research Center for Conservation of Dunhuang Cultural Heritage, Dunhuang 736200, China