1. Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces at the Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
2. Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and Clean Combustion Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
3. Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
4. School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park, Liverpool L16 9JD, United Kingdom
5. NanoLab Cleanroom, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500AE, The Netherlands
6. Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500AE, The Netherlands
7. Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500AE, The Netherlands