1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E9, Canada
2. Department of Geography, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo V9R 5S5, Canada
3. Ministry of Forests, Nanaimo V9T 6E9, Canada
4. Water Science, Technology & Policy Group, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada