1. Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway, and Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, NO-9296, Norway