1. Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G8, Canada; and Research & Development Department, Chiba Plant, Denki Kagaku Kogyo Company, Limited, 6 Goiminamikaigan, Ichihara, Chiba, 290-0045, Japan