1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
3. Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
4. Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053, United States
5. Ford Motor Company, Beijing 100022, P. R. China
6. Ford Research & Advanced Engineering Europe, Suesterfeldstrasse 200, D-52072 Aachen, Germany
7. Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, P. R. China