1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
2. NSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
3. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
4. The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; College of Environment Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
5. Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States