1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 23653, Taiwan
2. Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
3. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
4. Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
5. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-2100, United States
6. Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
7. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin 63863, Taiwan
8. Center for Nanophases Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
9. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan