1. Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes urbains (LEESU), Université Paris-Est Créteil, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Cedex Créteil, France
2. Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
3. Water and Environment Laboratory (LEE), Geotechnical engineering, Environment, Natural hazards and Earth Sciences Department (GERS), French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks (IFSTTAR), IRSTV, 44340 Bouguenais, France