1. Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
2. School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Vaud1015, Switzerland
3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, California95616, United States
4. UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center, Incline Village, Nevada89451, United States
5. Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States