1. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
2. NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation’s Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
3. Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
4. Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
5. School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland