1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 231Q Sackett Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
2. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Micro-Engineered Materials (CMEM), University of New Mexico, Advanced Materials Lab, 1001 University Boulevard Southeast, Suite 103, MSC 04 2790, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
3. Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia