1. Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, Minnesota, United States
2. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7031, Norway
3. Department of Infrastructure, SINTEF Community, Trondheim 7031, Norway
4. Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Marshfield, Wisconsin 54449, United States
5. School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, Minnesota, United States