1. Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
2. Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
3. Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
4. Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
5. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
6. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
7. Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
8. Division of Nanoscience, Academy of Integrated Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States