1. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
3. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
4. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China, 300072
5. Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States