Lead Levels at the Tap and Consumer Exposure from Legacy and Recent Lead Service Line Replacements in Six Utilities

Author:

Deshommes Elise1ORCID,Trueman Benjamin2,Douglas Ian3,Huggins Dan4,Laroche Laurent5,Swertfeger Jeff6,Spielmacher Abby7,Gagnon Graham A.2,Prévost Michèle1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada

2. Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada

3. City of Ottawa, Drinking Water Services, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 1J1, Canada

4. City of London, Water Operations, London, Ontario N6A 4L9, Canada

5. City of Montreal, Technical Expertise Division, Montreal, Quebec H8N 2K2, Canada

6. Greater Cincinnati Water Works, Cincinnati, Ohio 45232, United States

7. City of Guelph, Water Services, Environmental Services Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1E 6P7, Canada

Funder

Canadian Water Network

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Publisher

American Chemical Society (ACS)

Subject

Environmental Chemistry,General Chemistry

Reference31 articles.

1. Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children Associated With the Flint Drinking Water Crisis: A Spatial Analysis of Risk and Public Health Response

2. Association between children’s blood lead levels, lead service lines, and water disinfection, Washington, DC, 1998–2006

3. The impact of drinking water, indoor dust and paint on blood lead levels of children aged 1–5 years in Montréal (Québec, Canada)

4. Lead and copper rule. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA); Washington, DC, 1991; https://www.epa.gov/dwreginfo/lead-and-copper-rule.

5. Ontario regulation 170/03 drinking water system. Safe drinking water Act, 2002. Government of Ontario, Ottawa, ON, https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/030170.

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