1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
3. College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
4. Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
6. Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
7. Center for Global Sustainability, University of Maryland, College Park , Maryland 20742, United States
8. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg 2361, Austria
9. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
10. School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China