1. School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
2. School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, United Kingdom
3. Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401,United States
4. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Program, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States