1. Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
2. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
3. Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
4. Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States