1. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Institute of Earth and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
3. Ryan Institute’s Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, School of Natural Sciences, Physics Unit, University of Galway, University Road, Galway H91 CF50, Ireland