1. Center for Biofilm Engineering; Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, Department of Chemical Engineering, University “La Sapienza”, Via Eudossiana, 18 00184 Rome, Italy, and Fundamental Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 790 sixth St., Richland, Washington 99352