1. Department of Basic Science and Department of General Systems Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan, and Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark