1. 1 Center for Advanced Research of Energy Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan, 2 Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan, and 3 Department of Research and Development, Hokkaido Electric Power Co., Inc., Tsuishikari 2-1, Ebetsu 067-0033, Japan