1. Urban Water Research Center, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2175, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University at Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd. Long Beach, California 90840, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, Chemistry Department, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand