1. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
2. Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 810 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
3. Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, 15 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
4. Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
5. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Portland State University, 1825 SW Broadway, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
6. Hopkins School, 986 Forest Road, New Haven, Connecticut 06515, United States
7. Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
8. International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan