1. School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu Avenue, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
2. Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
3. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
4. Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Safety and Emergency Management, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu Avenue, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China