1. College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded By Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
3. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
4. Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
5. Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resource, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China