1. School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
2. School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, U.K.
3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
4. Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4AX, U.K.
5. Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity and the Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
6. National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), National Biofilm Innovation Centre (NBIC), Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton S017 1BJ, U.K.
7. School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4BW, U.K.