1. Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3V6, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3055, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6, and Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6