Autoimmune Uveitis. Review

Abstract

For many years in ophthalmology there is a complex intractable problem associated with inflammation of the vascular membrane of the eye, the so-called uveitis. Experts around the world are trying to understand this heterogeneous pathology of the visual organ, in a short time, which can lead to a sharp decrease in visual acuity, the development of severe complications and further disability. The number of patients with inflammation of the vascular tract is growing rapidly every year, the age is younger. The clinical picture of this pathology has changed slightly. Often began to manifest itself in two radically different directions. It proceeds as a sluggish form or vice versa manifests itself more aggressively with the rapid development of clinical manifestations in a short time. Currently, there is evidence of endogenous causes of uveitis.The article provides a review of the literature summarizing modern views on the problem of autoimmune uveitis. New factors affecting the etiology, pathogenesis of the disease, some aspects of therapy are considered. In addition, the main experimental models of autoimmune diseases of the vascular tract of the eye are analyzed.