A New Diagnostic Method for Ptosis of the Upper Eyelid

Abstract

Currently, surgical treatment of ptosis of the upper eyelid does not always lead to a good anatomical and physiological result — the frequency of dissatisfaction with the results of treatment is 8–26 %, and repeated operations on the muscle that lifts the upper eyelid are performed in 8.7–18 % cases. An important aspect of the successful treatment of upper eyelid ptosis is the preoperative examination of the patient; however, standard diagnostic methods do not provide complete information about the functional features of the upper eyelid levator. The purpose of the study is to improve the algorithm for preoperative examination of the upper eyelid in ptosis with the study of the contractility and fatigue of the upper eyelid levator. On the basis of the Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases in the period from 2021 to 2022, 63 patients (67 eyes) aged from 5 to 78 years with different types of blepharoptosis admitted for surgical treatment were examined. We have developed a comprehensive dynamometric preoperative assessment of the upper eyelid levator with a study of the contractility and fatigue of this muscle using weights. For comparison and determination of normal parameters, the study was also carried out on paired intact eyes (59 eyes) and in 40 healthy people. Indicators of contractility and fatigue of the levator of the upper eyelid were obtained in normal conditions and with ptosis of the upper eyelid, and differences in these indicators were revealed in congenital and acquired blepharoptosis. With congenital ptosis of the upper eyelid, the contractility and fatigue of the levator of the upper eyelid is low, while with acquired ptosis (senile), the contractility is medium, and fatigue is medium or high. A gradation of the values of contractility and fatigue of the upper eyelid levator in blepharoptosis was developed, on the basis of it an algorithm for choosing a method for surgical correction of upper eyelid ptosis was proposed. The developed method of dynamometric preoperative study of the anatomical and functional features of the upper eyelid levator using weights is a simple and affordable method for objectively assessing the state of contractility and fatigue of the levator, which can improve the efficiency of surgical correction of upper eyelid ptosis.