An Empirical Demonstration of the Interactive Influence of Distance and Flatness Information on Size Perception in Pictures

Author:

Miller R. J.1

Affiliation:

1. State University of New York College at Brockport

Abstract

There is abundant evidence that both depth and flatness information influence the perception of size in pictures. In general, as depth information increases in salience, size perception approaches size constancy. Likewise, as flatness information increases in salience, size perception departs from size constancy and is influenced more by the size of the retinal image. There is relatively little empirical evidence, however, of their cumulative effects. With college students as participants, saliencies of depth and flatness information were independently manipulated in a factorial design, using colored photographs and drawings based on those photographs. In addition, two types of instructions were used, those that encouraged size constancy and those that encouraged responses based solely on retinal image size. Results showed that the salience of depth information and the salience of flatness information had a cumulative effect on size perception. For example, the combined effects of higher depth salience and lower flatness salience produced responses more closely approaching size constancy than did other combinations of depth and flatness salience. Furthermore, while instructions had a large effect in the expected direction (i.e., instructions encouraging size constancy resulted in responses that approached size constancy, and instructions encouraging attention to the size of the retinal image produced responses reflecting much less size constancy), the relative influences of depth and flatness salience were very similar for both types of instruction.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Literature and Literary Theory,Music,Visual Arts and Performing Arts

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