Self-Report Symptoms That Predict Major Depression in Patients with Prominent Physical Symptoms

Abstract

The diagnosis of depression in patients presenting with both depressive and physical symptoms is potentially confounded and problematic. The present study of 271 patients with four types of illness all with prominent physical symptoms—end-stage renal disease (n = 99), irritable bowel syndrome ( n = 21), post-infectious neuromyasthenia ( n = 25) and eating disorders ( n = 126)—investigates if there are a group of symptoms on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) which predict the diagnosis of major depressive episode (MDE) made using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). Discriminant function analysis of BDI responses yielded a four item function—self-hate, indecisiveness, loss of appetite and suicidal thoughts—which maximally discriminated between patients with and without a current MDE and correctly classified 75 percent of subjects.