Plasma Galanin is a Biomarker for Severity of Major Depressive Disorder

Abstract

Objective: This study investigated the association between plasma galanin level and depression severity. Methods: The severity of depression symptoms of 79 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD; 52 women and 27 men, 71 patients in onset, 8 in remission) was assessed using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Venous fasting blood samples (5 mL) were taken from the 79 MDD patients, 35 healthy siblings, and 19 healthy controls, and plasma samples were prepared. Galanin levels in the plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results: Plasma galanin in MDD patients was significantly higher than that of remission patients, healthy siblings, or healthy controls ( P < 0.05) There was no significant difference between the healthy sibling and healthy control groups ( P = 0.924). Plasma galanin of remission patients was also significantly higher than that of healthy controls ( P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between age and galanin levels in the 79 patients ( r = 0.053, P = 0.646), nor was there a correlation between age and galanin levels when patients were stratified by gender ( P > 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between plasma galanin levels and depression severity in women MDD patients ( r = 0.329, df = 42, P = 0.020), but not in men patients. Conclusions: Plasma galanin levels may be an important biomarker for depression severity, especially in female patients.