Unveiling the Strategic Significance of the Middle Corridor in Global Trade and Geopolitical Dynamics

Abstract

This study aims to elucidate the role of the Middle Corridor, also known as the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR), in diversifying global trade routes and enhancing economic resilience amid geopolitical tensions. The paper examines the corridor's impact on the economic and strategic interests of the countries it traverses, particularly Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and the European Union. The analysis employs a multidimensional approach that includes historical context analysis, comparative route analysis, geographic information system mapping, and statistical analysis. Data were collected from various sources, including the World Bank, the International Trade Centre, and trade and economic policy reports from Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and the European Union databases. Based on the methods used, the study compares the Middle Corridor with traditional trade routes such as the Northern Sea Route and the Suez Canal, highlighting its advantages and potential limitations. The Middle Corridor has emerged as a vital alternative, offering reduced transit times and enhanced trade security between Asia and Europe. The corridor has experienced a significant increase in cargo volume, reflecting its growing importance in international trade. Furthermore, the Middle Corridor contributes to the participating countries' economic diversification and energy security, facilitating the movement of energy resources and other goods. The analysis revealed challenges such as political instability and infrastructural needs that could hinder the full potential of the Middle Corridor. Ultimately, the study underscores the strategic significance of the Trans-Caspian Route and the Zangezur Corridor in diversifying global trade routes and strengthening economic resilience in geopolitical tensions.