Diet and breed alter community structures of rumen protozoa in cattle subjected to different feeding systems

Abstract

The objective were to identify and quantify the rumen protozoa from two genetic groups of beef cattle (Nellore and crossbred European beef cattle) subjected to three feeding systems (pasture, pasture supplement, and confined). Samples of rumen contents were obtained from the center of the ruminal mass after slaughter. Quantification and identification of rumen protozoa were performed with a Sedgewick-Rafter counting chamber by optic microscopy. Data were analyzed using general linear analysis methodology with a Poisson distribution (1 %). In addition, the data underwent of Analisys Principal Component. A effect on ruminal protozoa was observed for the diets and breeds analyzed. Was identified 14 genera, among which Entodinium was predominant in all animals analyzed. Ciliates belonging to Entodiniomorphida, Eodinium, Epidinium, Eremoplastron, Eudiplodinium, Metadinium, and Ostracodinium showed highest density in Nellore animals when compared with the crossbreed, Nellore × European. Larger numbers of protozoa from the family Isotrichidae (Dasytricha and Isotricha) were observed in animals maintained by pasture or pasture supplement feeding. According to the kind of feeding, those fed exclusively with pasture had a greater diversity of ciliates in comparison to those restricted to, or supplemented with pasture. In one animal, the occurrence of ciliates belonging to the genus Buetschlia, was observed (prevalence of 1.66 %), which is one of only a few records of this genus in ruminants.