A Study of Chinese and Japanese Porcelains from Archaeological Sites of Mexico City, Using INAA

Abstract

This study analyzes porcelain fragments unearthed at multiple archaeological sites in Mexico City, formerly known as New Spain. A collection of 60 samples was successfully categorized into four different groups and analyzed based on the Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) in conjunction with statistical methods. One of the groups included blue-and-white porcelains, which conclusively traced back to the renowned Jingdezhen kilns. Another blue-and-white group was attributed to the Zhangzhou kilns. Notably, it was determined that the Chinese white porcelains, distinguished by their low iron content, originated from the Dehua kilns. In contrast to Chinese porcelain, a separate category was identified as Japanese porcelain, which displayed distinct chemical signatures. These Japanese pieces were probably sourced from the Arita kilns. The origin of the two porcelain bodies remained elusive and undetermined throughout our analysis. The chemical analysis of archaeological specimens provides invaluable data on their identity and provenance. Therefore, the findings presented here offer compelling evidence of extensive trade, cultural, and social connections between China, Japan, the Philippines, and Mexico City during the Viceroyalty period facilitated by La Nao de La China (The China Ships).